| Sir George Francis Hyde | |
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Studio portrait of George Francis Hyde |
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| Born | 19 July 1877 Southsea, Portsmouth, England |
| Died | 28 July 1937 (aged 60) Melbourne, Victoria, Australia |
| Allegiance | United Kingdom / Australia |
| Service/branch | Royal Navy / Royal Australian Navy |
| Years of service | 1896 - 1937 |
| Rank | Admiral |
| Commands held | First Naval Member & Chief of Staff HMS Marlborough (1912) HMS Emperor of India HMAS Canberra (D33) HMAS Australia (D84) HMAS Brisbane (1915) HMS Adventure (1904) HMS Shannon (1906) |
| Battles/wars | World War I |
| Awards | Knight Commander of the Order of the Bath Commander of the Royal Victorian Order Commander of the Order of the British Empire Mention in Despatches |
Admiral Sir George Francis Hyde KCB, CVO, CBE (19 July 1877 – 28 July 1937) was an Australian admiral, known as a former head of the Royal Australian Navy.
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Hyde was born in the seaside resort, Southsea, in the city of Portsmouth, England. He was the son of a clerk, Ebenezer Hyde, and Maria, née Alexander. Educated at a private school in Portsmouth, Hyde's desire to attain a high rank in the Royal Navy was strengthened by a love to serve his country, and love for the sea.[1]
In 1894, Hyde entered the merchant service as an apprentice, hoping to gain a commission into the Royal Naval Reserve. Finishing his apprenticeship after four trips aboard a sailing ship, Mount Stewart, he journeyed as second mate in the barque Amulree. Hyde was commissioned as a midshipman in the Royal Naval Reserve in 1896, and served upon His Majesty's Ships (HMS), Magnificent, Victorious, Bacchante, Leviathan and Tribune, as reserve. Promoted to sub-lieutenant in 1901, and lieutenant in 1902, he continued his services to the Naval Reserve until he was gazetted as a lieutenant to the Royal Navy in July 1905. This was due to winning an essay competition about the Russo-Japanese War, in which he was, upon the intervention of Admiral Lord Charles Beresford, "elevated to join the list of Supplementary Lieutenants". The admiral had submitted three applications before Hyde was promoted to the Royal Navy.[1]
After commanding several ships such as Torpedo Boat No.6, a destroyer Rother, and a cruiser Shannon, Hyde travelled to Australia, after being placed on loan to the Commonwealth Naval Forces. After returning to England, Hyde was granted a transfer to the Royal Australian Navy in 1912, and was commissioned the rank of commander. In 1913, he sailed in a Indefatigable class battlecruiser HMAS Australia, to Australia.[1]
In July 1915, Hyde was appointed by the Admiralty, to command the light cruiser, HMS Adventure, into the Coast of Ireland Command. He remained in Adventure after he reached the Command, acting as captain of the fleet to Vice Admiral Sir Lewis Bayly. Between 24 April and 29 April 1916, during the Irish Easter Rebellion, after fears of international communication problems between the British Army's commander-in-chief of Ireland, Adventure was sent as communication aid and general assistance. Vice Admiral Bayly reported back to the Admiralty on 30 April 1916, when commenting about the incident, that Hyde "performed his duties with great tact and ability".[1]
Promoted to captain on 1 April 1917, Hyde joined the Mercantile Movements Division in the Admiralty, becoming a Senior Naval Officer on 6 June 1918. On 10 August of the same year, he married Alice Marjorie Trefusis, before returning to Australia. He was appointed as Director of the war staff at the Naval Office in Melbourne, remaining at the appointment until August 1919. Upon the personal request of John Jellicoe, 1st Earl Jellicoe, he was attached to Jellicoe's staff in 1919, and became the aide-de-camp to the Governor-General, a post he remained until 1924. Hyde was given command of HMAS Brisbane from 1919 until 1921, and became the second naval member of the Australian Naval Board during 1923-24.[1]
In 1926, Hyde was appointed as commodore, taking command of the Australian Squadron. He was awarded a Commander of the Order of the British Empire in 1926, and a Commander of the Royal Victorian Order in 1927. In 1928, Hyde became the first Australian naval officer to become an honourary aide-de-camp to King George V. On 23 February 1928, he became a rear admiral, taking command of two County class cruisers; HMA Ships Canberra and Australia. On 16 February 1929, after the deterioration of his marriage with his first wife, Alice Trefusis, which ended in divorce in 1928, Hyde married Isla Robertson.[1]
For one year after May 1930, Hyde held the Royal Navy's command of the 3rd Battle Squadron of the British Home Fleet. He was given command of two Iron Duke class battleship, HMS Emperor of India, and then HMS Marlborough. After returning to Australia, he became the first naval member of the Australian Naval Board in 20 October 1931, and consequently, the first seagoing officer to become a first naval member. He became a vice admiral in 1932, was appointed a Knight Commander of the Order of the Bath in 1934, and was promoted to Admiral in 1936.[1]
Taking over as the head of the Royal Australian Navy in 1931, Hyde was particularly concerned with the navy's inadequacy of defence, and lack of funding, following the Great Depression. He attended a naval commander-in-chief conference in Singapore, and traveled to England in 1935, for a technical discussion with the Admiralty. In 1936, while still in England, he acted as adviser to the Australian High Commissioner, Stanley Melbourne Bruce, and was a participant in discussions which led to the formation of the Second London Naval Treaty. As World War II threatened in the mid-1930s, Hyde became responsible, as the first naval member of the Australian Naval Board, for the strengthening of the Royal Australian Navy. He did this by creating close associations and relationships with the Royal Navy.[1]
In 1915, Hyde was diagnosed with sub-acute pneumonia. He had an operation for mouth cancer in 1933, before his health started deteriorating in April 1937, after several small falls. On 20 June 1937, Hyde killed a pedestrian whilst driving in his car. Although a coronial inquiry relinquished him of any blame, the incident caused him enormous distress, and led to his death of pneumonia in Melbourne eight days later. In accordance with Hyde's wishes, he was given private funeral services and cremated, instead of a ceremonial naval funeral.[1]
| Military offices | ||
|---|---|---|
| Preceded by Vice Admiral Sir William Munro Kerr |
First Naval Member & Chief of Staff 1931 – 1937 |
Succeeded by Admiral Sir Ragnar Colvin |
| Preceded by Commodore Thomas Wardle as Rear Admiral Commanding HM Australian Fleet |
Rear Admiral Commanding HM Australian Squadron 1926 – 1929 |
Succeeded by Rear Admiral Edward Evans |
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